韩语词汇-常用单词学习 3.0

Sentences are composed of words; therefore, learning vocabulary is an important process in language learning. Accumulating words is the key to successfully mastering a language. Whether you are engaging in conversations or reading, understanding the meanings of words is essential to comprehend others' statements and grasp the content of articles, ultimately achieving effective communication. Thus, having a rich vocabulary foundation can help reduce obstacles in reading and communication.

The words in the book are marked with standard Romanized phonetic symbols commonly used when teaching foreign learners Korean in Korea. By studying words from "Korean Vocabulary," it feels like immersing oneself in a local Korean language learning center, allowing you to learn correct Korean pronunciation without having to travel abroad, providing an experience similar to studying in Korea.

Vowels

아 어 오 우 ......

A single vowel can constitute a syllable; in this case, the initial "ㅇ" is only a symbolic consonant for formality, serving as a decoration without actual sound value.

Consonant + Vowel

고 나 미 소 ......

A consonant cannot form a syllable on its own; it must combine with a vowel to create a syllable. When spelling, a consonant letter can be positioned to the left or above a vowel letter.

Vowel + Coda

억 암 온 양 ......

When the consonant "ㅇ" is at the beginning, it remains silent (used for ornamental purposes); when positioned at the end as a coda, it is pronounced with actual sound value.

Consonant + Vowel + Coda

눈 생 껄 읽 ......

A consonant can be placed before a vowel as an initial or after a vowel as a final consonant; in the latter case, the consonant is known as a coda. The consonants "ㄸ ㅃ ㅉ" can only be initial consonants and not final ones.

Simple Words

1. Monosyllabic words, e.g., 뫼 (mountain), 다섯 (five), 이빨 (teeth)
2. Disyllabic words, e.g., 오이 (cucumber), 누나 (elder sister), 한글 (Hangul), 아우 (younger brother)
3. Polysyllabic words, e.g., 아버지 (father), 텔레비전 (television)

Compound Words

1. Compound words, e.g., 한국어 (Korean language), 재미있다 (interesting)
2. Derived words, e.g., 맏아들 (first son), 선생님 (teacher)

Korean vocabulary can generally be classified into nine major categories: nouns, pronouns, numerals, articles, adverbs, interjections, auxiliary verbs, main verbs, and adjectives; based on their sources, they can be broadly categorized into native Korean words, Chinese character words, and loanwords.

Korean vocabulary commonly operates under a dual system of native Korean words and Chinese character words. Some of these words can be interchangeable in specific contexts while others cannot be.

Loanwords are terms absorbed from other languages and account for approximately 20% of the total vocabulary. With technological advancements and deepening cultural exchanges, the proportion of loanwords continues to increase.